갱신일 : 2016-12-21

Stages of Adult Primary Liver Cancer

간암의 병기

Key Points for This Section

. After adult primary liver cancer has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if cancer cells have spread within the liver or to other parts of the body.

. There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body.

. The following stages are used for adult primary liver cancer:

. Stage I

. Stage II

. Stage III

. Stage IV

. For adult primary liver cancer, stages are also grouped according to how the cancer may be treated. There are 3 treatment groups:

. Localized resectable

. Localized and locally advanced unresectable

. Advanced

요점

. 간암의 진단을 받으면, 각종 검사를 하여 암세포가 간의 내부에 만 퍼졌는지 혹은 다른 부위로 퍼졌는지 검사한다.

. 암이 인체에서 퍼지는 길은 3가지 이다.

. 간암에 적용되는 병기는 다음과 같다.

. 1기

. 2기

. 3기

. 4기

. 간암에는 암의 치료방법에 따라 병기가 3그룹으로 나누어진다.

. 국소 절제 가능한 간암

. 국소적이나, 부분적으로 진행되어 절제불가한 간암

. 진행된 간암.

After adult primary liver cancer has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if cancer cells have spread within the liver or to other parts of the body.

The process used to find out if cancer has spread within the liver or to other parts of the body is called staging. The information gathered from the staging process determines the stage of the disease. It is important to know the stage in order to plan treatment. The following tests and procedures may be used in the staging process:

•CT scan (CAT scan): A procedure that makes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, such as the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, taken from different angles. The pictures are made by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. A dye may be injected into a vein or swallowed to help the organs or tissues show up more clearly. This procedure is also called computed tomography, computerized tomography, or computerized axial tomography.

. CT스캔(CAT스캔): 다양한 각도에서 촬영한 인체내부의 여러 부위에 대한 연속적인 상세영상을 만드는 과정. 이 영상은 X-레이에 연결된 컴퓨터에 의해 만들어진다. 기관이나 조직이 보다 선명하게 보이도록 염료를 정맥에 주사하거나 혹은 입으로 삼킨다.

•MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): A procedure that uses a magnet, radio waves, and a computer to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body. This procedure is also called nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

. MRI(자기 공명 영상): 결장 내부의 각 부위의 연속적인 상세영상을 만들기 위해 자석과 전파, 및 컴퓨터를 이용하는 장치. 이 장치는 핵자기공명영상(NMRI)라 부른다.

•PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): A procedure to find malignant tumor cells in the body. A small amount of radioactive glucose (sugar) is injected into a vein. The PET scanner rotates around the body and makes a picture of where glucose is being used in the body. Malignant tumor cells show up brighter in the picture because they are more active and take up more glucose than normal cells do.

•Laparoscopy: A surgical procedure to look at the organs inside the abdomen to check for signs of disease. Small incisions (cuts) are made in the wall of the abdomen and a laparoscope (a thin, lighted tube) is inserted into one of the incisions. Other instruments may be inserted through the same or other incisions to perform procedures such as removing organs or taking tissue samples for biopsy.

. 복강경검사: 질병의 징후를 검사하기 위해 복부내부를 살펴보는 수술적 검사. 복부의벽에 조그맣게 절개를 하고 복강경을 절개구 중하나에 삽입한다. 다른 기구도 같은 절개구나 다른 절개구에 삽입하여 장기를 제거하거나 조직검사를 위해 샘플을 적출할 수 있다.

There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body.

The three ways that cancer spreads in the body are:

•Through tissue. Cancer invades the surrounding normal tissue.

•Through the lymph system. Cancer invades the lymph system and travels through the lymph vessels to other places in the body.

•Through the blood. Cancer invades the veins and capillaries and travels through the blood to other places in the body.

When cancer cells break away from the primary (original) tumor and travel through the lymph or blood to other places in the body, another (secondary) tumor may form. This process is called metastasis. The secondary (metastatic) tumor is the same type of cancer as the primary tumor. For example, if breast cancer spreads to the bones, the cancer cells in the bones are actually breast cancer cells. The disease is metastatic breast cancer, not bone cancer.

암세포가 1차(원발)암에서 터져나가 림프액이나 혈액을 통해 인체의 다른 곳으로 이동하면, 2차암이 생길 수 있다. 이 과정을 전이라 부른다. 2차(전이)암은 1차암과 같은 종류의 암이다. 예를 들면, 유방암이 뼈로 퍼졌으면 뼈 속에 있는 암세포는 실제로 유방암 세포이다. 이 병은 전이 유방암이지 골암이 아니다.

The following stages are used for adult primary liver cancer:

Stage I

In stage I, there is one tumor and it has not spread to nearby blood vessels..

1기

1기에는, 종양은 한개 있으며 인근의 혈관까지 퍼지지 않았다.

Stage II

In stage II, one of the following is found:

•one tumor that has spread to nearby blood vessels; or

•more than one tumor, none of which is larger than 5 centimeters.

2기

2기에는, 다음 중 하나가 발견된다. :

. 인근 혈관으로 퍼진 종양 한 개; 혹은

. 한 개 이상의 종양, 어떤 것도 크기가 5cm 이하

Stage III

Stage III is divided into Stage IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC.

•In stage IIIA, one of the following is found:

. more than one tumor larger than 5 centimeters; or

. one tumor that has spread to a major branch of blood vessels near the liver.

•In stage IIIB, there are one or more tumors of any size that have either:

. spread to nearby organs other than the gallbladder; or

. broken through the lining of the peritoneal cavity.

•In stage IIIC, the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes.

3기

3기는 3기A, 3기B, 3기CF로 나누어진다.

. 3기A에는, 다음 중 하나가 발견된다. :

. 5cm 이상의 한 개 이상의 종양; 혹은

. 간 근처의 혈관 중 중요한 가지(굵은 혈관)로 퍼져나간 한 개의 종양

. 3기B에는, 크기와 상관없는 한 개 이상의 종양으로 아래조건을 갖고 있다:

. 담낭 이외의 다른 가까운 곳의 장기로 퍼졌거나, 혹은

. 복강의 내막을 뚫고 나갔다.

. 3기C에는, 암이 가까운 림프절로 퍼졌다.

Stage IV

In stage IV, cancer has spread beyond the liver to other places in the body, such as the bones or lungs. The tumors may be of any size and may also have spread to nearby blood vessels and/or lymph nodes.

4기

4기에는, 암이 뼈나 폐 같이 간을 넘어 인체의 다른 부위로 퍼졌다. 종양은 크기와 상관없이, 인근의 혈관이나 림프절로 퍼졌다.

For adult primary liver cancer, stages are also grouped according to how the cancer may be treated. There are 3 treatment groups:

Localized resectable

The cancer is found in the liver only, has not spread, and can be completely removed by surgery.

간암에는 암의 치료방법에 따라 병기가 3그룹으로 나누어진다. :

국부적으로 절개 가능한 그룹

암은 간에만 보이고, 퍼지지 않았으며, 수술로 완전히 절제할 수 있다.

Localized and locally advanced unresectable

The cancer is found in the liver only and has not spread, but cannot be completely removed by surgery.

국부적이나 부분적으로 진행이 되어 절개 불가한 그룹

암은 간에서만 보이고 퍼지지 않았지만, 수술로 완전히 절제할 수 없다.

Advanced

Cancer has spread throughout the liver or has spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs and bone.

진행된 그룹

암이 간을 통하여 널리 퍼졌거나, 폐나 뼈 같은 다른 부위로 퍼졌다.